Applied microeconomics

Applied microeconomics, including areas of study, many of which draw from the other methods. Regulation and industrial organization examines topics such as entry and exit of firms, innovation, trademark rules. Law and economics applies microeconomic principles to the selection and enforcement of competing legal regimes and their relative efficiencies. Labor economics examines wages, employment, and labor market dynamics. Public finance (also called public economics) examines the design of government tax and expenditure policies and economic effects of these policies (eg, social insurance programs). Health economic study of the health system organizations, including the role of health workers and health insurance programs. Political economy examines the role of political institutions in determining policy outcomes. Urban economics, which examines the challenges faced by cities, such as sprawl, air and water pollution, traffic congestion, and poverty, described in urban geography and sociology. Financial economics examines topics such as the structure of optimal portfolios, the ratio of return to capital, econometric analysis of security returns, and corporate financial behavior. Field of economic history of studying the evolution of the economy and economic institutions, using methods and techniques of economics, history, geography, sociology, psychology and political science.
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